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web.groovymark@gmail.com
- November 17, 2024
Question 01
Which layers are connected by the northbound API in software-defined networking (SDN)?
a) The application and control layers
b) The control and infrastructure layers
c) The application and operating layers
d) The operating and infrastructure layers
Correct Answer: a) The application and control layers
Explanation: The northbound API connects the application layer and the control layer, enabling applications to communicate with the SDN controller to influence network behavior.
Question 02
Which OpenStack module provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for managing various OpenStack services?
a) Glance
b) Neutron
c) Horizon
d) Cinder
Correct Answer: c) Horizon
Explanation: Horizon is the dashboard module in OpenStack that provides a GUI, making it easier for users and administrators to manage and monitor OpenStack services.
Question 03
Which network security component restricts access between a protected network and the internet?
a) Firewall
b) Router
c) OpenFlow
d) Network address translation (NAT)
Correct Answer: a) Firewall
Explanation: Firewalls are used to restrict access between a protected network and external networks, such as the internet, providing a key layer of security.
Question 04
Which kind of device is needed for communication to happen between two local area networks (LANs)?
a) Router
b) L2 Switch
c) Hub
d) Access point
Correct Answer: a) Router
Explanation: Routers are responsible for connecting different local area networks (LANs), allowing devices on separate networks to communicate with each other.
Question 05
Which network virtualization approach attempts to improve the scalability of cloud computing deployments by encapsulating Layer 2 Ethernet frames within Layer 4 UDP packets?
a) Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)
b) Virtual LANs (VLANs)
c) Virtual extensible LAN (VXLAN)
d) Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
Correct Answer: c) Virtual extensible LAN (VXLAN)
Explanation: VXLAN is a network virtualization technology that improves scalability in large cloud deployments by encapsulating Layer 2 Ethernet frames within Layer 4 UDP packets.
Question 06
Which OpenStack service provides persistent block storage for virtual machines (VMs)?
a) Swift
b) Trove
c) Cinder
d) Neutron
Correct Answer: c) Cinder
Explanation: Cinder is the OpenStack service that provides persistent block storage, allowing VMs to store data that persists even after the VM is shut down.
Question 07
Which SDN controller is known for its open-source modularity and multi-threaded design?
a) Beacon
b) Floodlight
c) OpenDaylight (ODL)
d) NOX
Correct Answer: a) Beacon
Explanation: Beacon is an open-source SDN controller known for its modular and multi-threaded design, which supports flexible SDN application development.
Question 08
Which term describes the process of moving dedicated network functions from stand-alone appliances to software running on servers?
a) Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
b) Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
c) OpenFlow
d) Virtual LANs (VLANs)
Correct Answer: b) Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
Explanation: NFV moves network functions like firewalls and routers from dedicated hardware appliances to software running on servers, improving network flexibility and scalability.
Question 09
Which SDN concept allows a controller to add, remove, and update flow tables in switches?
a) OpenFlow
b) Network address translation (NAT)
c) Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)
d) Virtual LAN (VLAN)
Correct Answer: a) OpenFlow
Explanation: OpenFlow allows SDN controllers to manage flow tables in switches, enabling centralized control of network traffic and facilitating dynamic adjustments.
Question 10
Which SDN controller was one of the first publicly available OpenFlow controllers?
a) Floodlight
b) OpenDaylight (ODL)
c) NOX
d) Beacon
Correct Answer: c) NOX
Explanation: NOX was among the first publicly available OpenFlow controllers, playing a significant role in the early development of software-defined networ
Question 11
What is the main function of the SDN data plane?
a) Handling packets
b) Managing flow tables
c) Controlling routers and switches
d) Interacting with the application layer
Correct Answer: a) Handling packets
Explanation: The SDN data plane is responsible for handling and forwarding packets according to the instructions received from the control plane.
Question 12
Which protocol is used in SDN to enable communication between the control plane and data plane devices such as switches?
a) OpenFlow
b) Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
c) Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)
d) Secure Shell Protocol (SSH)
Correct Answer: a) OpenFlow
Explanation: OpenFlow is the most widely used protocol in SDN, facilitating communication between the control plane and forwarding devices like switches.
Question 13
What is the key concept of SDN that allows for centralized control of the network?
a) Separation of control and data planes
b) Use of dedicated network appliances
c) Network address translation (NAT)
d) Encapsulation of Layer 2 frames
Correct Answer: a) Separation of control and data planes
Explanation: SDN separates the control plane from the data plane, enabling centralized control of network devices and more flexible network management.
Question 14
Which SDN concept allows for the programmability of network devices by abstracting low-level network functions?
a) Southbound API
b) Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
c) Northbound API
d) Control plane
Correct Answer: c) Northbound API
Explanation: The northbound API in SDN abstracts low-level network functions, allowing higher-level applications to program the behavior of the network.
Question 15
What is the primary function of the SDN control plane?
a) To define how data is forwarded
b) To encapsulate network traffic
c) To store user credentials
d) To manage flow tables and make routing decisions
Correct Answer: d) To manage flow tables and make routing decisions
Explanation: The SDN control plane is responsible for managing flow tables, making routing decisions, and directing traffic flows within the network.
Question 16
Which OpenStack module is used for networking services, such as creating and managing virtual networks and routers?
a) Neutron
b) Glance
c) Swift
d) Horizon
Correct Answer: a) Neutron
Explanation: Neutron is the OpenStack module responsible for networking services, including the creation and management of virtual networks, routers, and subnets.
Question 17
Which SDN plane deals with telemetry and communicates behavior to the controller?
a) Data plane
b) Control plane
c) Application plane
d) Management plane
Correct Answer: c) Application plane
Explanation: The application plane in SDN is responsible for telemetry and communicates required network behaviors to the SDN controller.
Question 18
Which module of OpenStack manages virtual machine images and ensures synchronization across the compute cluster?
a) Glance
b) Cinder
c) Swift
d) Horizon
Correct Answer: a) Glance
Explanation: Glance is the OpenStack module that manages virtual machine images, synchronizing them across the compute cluster for efficient VM deployment.
Question 19
What is the purpose of the southbound API in SDN?
a) To manage communications between the control plane and data plane devices
b) To programmatically access the network control layer
c) To enable communication between SDN controllers
d) To provide a user interface for managing network devices
Correct Answer: a) To manage communications between the control plane and data plane devices
Explanation: The southbound API in SDN allows the control plane to communicate with data plane devices like switches, enabling the controller to manage network traffic.
Question 20
Which SDN component is responsible for processing packets and forwarding them based on flow table instructions?
a) Control plane
b) Data plane
c) Application plane
d) Management plane
Correct Answer: b) Data plane
Explanation: The data plane is responsible for processing and forwarding packets according to instructions received from the control plane.
