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web.groovymark@gmail.com
- December 6, 2024
Question 21
Which programming language is primarily used for developing web applications and is known for running on both the client and server sides?
A) JavaScript
B) Python
C) C++
D) Swift
Correct Answer: A) JavaScript
Explanation: JavaScript is widely used for developing web applications and can run on both the client and server sides, providing dynamic functionality.
Question 22
Which type of network topology uses a central hub or switch to connect all devices?
A) Ring topology
B) Bus topology
C) Star topology
D) Mesh topology
Correct Answer: C) Star topology
Explanation: In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch, which serves as the communication point for the network.
Question 23
What is the purpose of hashing in cybersecurity?
A) To encrypt data during transmission
B) To store passwords securely by converting them into fixed-length values
C) To increase network performance
D) To decrypt sensitive data
Correct Answer: B) To store passwords securely by converting them into fixed-length values
Explanation: Hashing converts data, such as passwords, into fixed-length values, making it more difficult for attackers to reverse the process and retrieve the original data.
Question 24
Which of the following is a benefit of using virtualization in data centers?
A) Increased hardware costs
B) Enhanced data encryption
C) Efficient resource utilization
D) Reduced software updates
Correct Answer: C) Efficient resource utilization
Explanation: Virtualization enables the efficient utilization of hardware resources by allowing multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical server.
Question 25
What is the purpose of a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?
A) To block unauthorized access to a network
B) To create a secure, encrypted connection over the internet
C) To monitor network traffic
D) To improve data transmission speeds
Correct Answer: B) To create a secure, encrypted connection over the internet
Explanation: A VPN creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, allowing users to protect their data and privacy while browsing.
Question 26
Which database management system (DBMS) feature ensures that only authorized users can access and manipulate data?
A) Data encryption
B) Access control
C) Backup and recovery
D) Data replication
Correct Answer: B) Access control
Explanation: Access control in a DBMS ensures that only authorized users have the necessary permissions to access and manipulate data.
Question 27
Which technology allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical server?
A) Load balancing
B) Clustering
C) Virtualization
D) RAID
Correct Answer: C) Virtualization
Explanation: Virtualization enables multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical server, optimizing hardware usage and allowing for flexible resource allocation.
Question 28
What is the role of a cybersecurity specialist in an organization?
A) To develop software applications
B) To manage employee payroll
C) To monitor and protect the organization’s network from security threats
D) To optimize the organization’s website
Correct Answer: C) To monitor and protect the organization’s network from security threats
Explanation: A cybersecurity specialist monitors and protects an organization’s network from security threats, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of data.
Question 29
What does the term “phishing” refer to in cybersecurity?
A) A method used to gain unauthorized access to a system by exploiting vulnerabilities
B) A type of cyberattack where an attacker sends fraudulent messages to trick individuals into providing sensitive information
C) A software that prevents unauthorized access to a network
D) A technique used to encrypt data
Correct Answer: B) A type of cyberattack where an attacker sends fraudulent messages to trick individuals into providing sensitive information
Explanation: Phishing is a type of cyberattack where an attacker sends deceptive messages, often posing as a trusted entity, to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information such as passwords or credit card details.
Question 30
Which data structure is used to organize data into rows and columns in a relational database?
A) Tuple
B) Table
C) Hash
D) List
Correct Answer: B) Table
Explanation: In a relational database, data is organized into tables, with rows representing records and columns representing attributes.
Question 31
What does the term “malware” refer to?
A) A program used to protect computers from unauthorized access
B) A software tool designed to detect network vulnerabilities
C) Malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to systems
D) A tool used to back up data
Correct Answer: C) Malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to systems
Explanation: Malware refers to any malicious software designed to harm or exploit systems, including viruses, worms, trojans, and ransomware.
Question 32
Which type of software development model focuses on rapid prototyping and iterative improvements?
A) Waterfall model
B) Spiral model
C) Agile methodology
D) V-model
Correct Answer: C) Agile methodology
Explanation: Agile methodology emphasizes rapid prototyping, iterative development, and frequent collaboration with stakeholders to ensure continuous improvement.
Question 33
Which network protocol is commonly used to retrieve email from a mail server?
A) HTTP
B) FTP
C) POP3
D) SNMP
Correct Answer: C) POP3
Explanation: POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) is a network protocol used to retrieve email from a mail server to a client’s local device.
Question 34
Which of the following is an example of symmetric key encryption?
A) AES
B) RSA
C) ECC
D) DSA
Correct Answer: A) AES
Explanation: AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a type of symmetric key encryption where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption.
Question 35
Which term describes a small program that automates repetitive tasks within a larger program or operating system?
A) Function
B) Loop
C) Macro
D) Shell
Correct Answer: C) Macro
Explanation: A macro is a small program or script that automates repetitive tasks within a larger program, such as word processing or spreadsheet software.
Question 36
What is the purpose of a denial-of-service (DoS) attack?
A) To steal sensitive data
B) To disable a target by overwhelming it with traffic
C) To encrypt data on a system for ransom
D) To intercept network traffic
Correct Answer: B) To disable a target by overwhelming it with traffic
Explanation: A DoS attack aims to overwhelm a target system with traffic, rendering it unavailable to users by consuming its resources.
Question 37
Which type of software testing is performed by the end users without assistance from developers?
A) Alpha testing
B) Beta testing
C) Unit testing
D) Integration testing
Correct Answer: B) Beta testing
Explanation: Beta testing is performed by end users in a real working environment without assistance from developers, helping to identify any remaining issues.
Question 38
Which cloud computing model provides virtualized computing resources over the internet, such as virtual servers and storage?
A) SaaS
B) PaaS
C) IaaS
D) DaaS
Correct Answer: C) IaaS
Explanation: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides virtualized computing resources over the internet, such as virtual servers, storage, and networking.
Question 39
What does the acronym DNS stand for in networking?
A) Domain Name Server
B) Domain Name System
C) Data Network Server
D) Digital Name System
Correct Answer: B) Domain Name System
Explanation: DNS (Domain Name System) translates human-readable domain names, like www.example.com, into IP addresses that computers can understand.
Question 40
Which of the following best describes cloud computing?
A) A method of data storage using local servers
B) The use of computing resources provided over the internet
C) A technique to optimize hardware performance
D) A backup method for local databases
Correct Answer: B) The use of computing resources provided over the internet
Explanation: Cloud computing involves the delivery of computing resources, such as storage and processing power, over the internet, allowing users to access services without relying on local infrastructure.
