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web.groovymark@gmail.com
- December 14, 2024
Question 21
A student conducts a survey of only freshmen at their school to determine the overall opinion on the cafeteria. Which type of bias might this sample reflect?
a) Anchoring bias
b) Confirmation bias
c) Selection bias
d) Availability bias
Correct Answer: c) Selection bias
Explanation: Selection bias occurs when the sample used does not accurately represent the broader population.
Question 22
Which fallacy is committed when someone argues that because all politicians are corrupt, a specific politician must also be corrupt?
a) Hasty generalization
b) Ad hominem
c) Appeal to authority
d) Slippery slope
Correct Answer: a) Hasty generalization
Explanation: Hasty generalization is drawing a conclusion about an individual based on assumptions about a group.
Question 23
A student chooses to believe information from an official-looking website that has tables and statistics, over a simpler site without these features. What should the student do next?
a) Accept the first site as credible
b) Verify the credibility of both sites
c) Ignore the first site completely
d) Cite the first site in their paper
Correct Answer: b) Verify the credibility of both sites
Explanation: Critical thinkers should evaluate both sites thoroughly, regardless of appearance, to ensure accuracy and credibility.
Question 24
What is a logical response to a source that claims to be the only reliable source of information on a topic?
a) Accept the source without question
b) Be skeptical of the source
c) Trust the source entirely
d) Cite the source as the only reliable reference
Correct Answer: b) Be skeptical of the source
Explanation: If a source claims to be the only reliable source, it may lack credibility and should be approached skeptically.
Question 25
A news outlet publishes a correction for incorrect information in a previous report. How does this affect the outlet’s credibility?
a) It decreases the outlet’s credibility
b) It shows the outlet cares about accuracy
c) It shows the outlet is not reliable
d) It shows the outlet lacks editorial standards
Correct Answer: b) It shows the outlet cares about accuracy
Explanation: Issuing corrections demonstrates the outlet’s commitment to factual reporting, which can enhance credibility.
Question 26
A student uses the first few search results from a Google search as their primary research sources. What cognitive bias might this reflect?
a) Selection bias
b) Anchoring bias
c) Confirmation bias
d) Availability bias
Correct Answer: d) Availability bias
Explanation: Availability bias occurs when people make judgments based on the most readily available information.
Question 27
A person argues that banning smoking in public places will eventually lead to banning all personal freedoms. What fallacy does this represent?
a) Ad hominem
b) Appeal to authority
c) Slippery slope
d) Post hoc fallacy
Correct Answer: c) Slippery slope
Explanation: The slippery slope fallacy assumes that one event will inevitably lead to a series of negative events.
Question 28
An athlete trains for 30 hours a week and concludes that all gym members must train for a similar amount of time. What kind of bias is this?
a) Confirmation bias
b) Selection bias
c) Anchoring bias
d) Hasty generalization
Correct Answer: d) Hasty generalization
Explanation: Hasty generalization is making a broad assumption based on limited evidence.
Question 29
Which of the following strategies would be most effective for improving team communication and collaboration?
a) Implementing strict rules
b) Encouraging mutual trust
c) Reducing team meetings
d) Eliminating accountability
Correct Answer: b) Encouraging mutual trust
Explanation: Trust is essential for effective communication and collaboration within teams
Question 30
A student claims that a class must be easy because they received a high grade on the first test. What kind of reasoning flaw is demonstrated here?
a) Hasty generalization
b) Slippery slope
c) False dilemma
d) Post hoc fallacy
Correct Answer: a) Hasty generalization
Explanation: The student is drawing a broad conclusion about the class based on limited evidence from one test.
Question 31
A person believes that just because the stock market dropped after a political speech, the speech caused the drop. What fallacy is this?
a) Post hoc, ergo propter hoc
b) Ad hominem
c) Strawman
d) Slippery slope
Correct Answer: a) Post hoc, ergo propter hoc
Explanation: This fallacy assumes that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second.
Question 32
An individual selects sources that agree with their personal opinions and ignores those that contradict them. What cognitive bias does this demonstrate?
a) Availability bias
b) Confirmation bias
c) Selection bias
d) Anchoring bias
Correct Answer: b) Confirmation bias
Explanation: Confirmation bias involves favoring information that confirms pre-existing beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence.
Question 33
A team consistently misses deadlines, and the manager decides to assign clear responsibilities to each team member. What management technique is this similar to?
a) Micromanagement
b) Participative management
c) Performance management
d) Task management
Correct Answer: c) Performance management
Explanation: Performance management involves holding team members accountable for specific tasks to meet deadlines and goals.
Question 34
A person argues that all large corporations are corrupt because they read about two scandals. What fallacy best describes this reasoning?
a) False dilemma
b) Hasty generalization
c) Ad hominem
d) Red herring
Correct Answer: b) Hasty generalization
Explanation: Hasty generalization is drawing a broad conclusion from limited or unrepresentative examples.
Question 35
A person refuses to trust any online news sources because they believe most are unreliable. What cognitive bias is this?
a) Confirmation bias
b) Selection bias
c) Availability bias
d) Anchoring bias
Correct Answer: b) Selection bias
Explanation: Selection bias occurs when someone chooses sources or information based on their pre-existing beliefs about credibility.
Question 36
A manager decides to delegate more challenging tasks to team members who show potential. Which motivational theory does this strategy align with?
a) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
b) Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
c) McClelland’s Theory of Needs
d) Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
Correct Answer: c) McClelland’s Theory of Needs
Explanation: McClelland’s Theory focuses on the need for achievement and growth, which can be developed by assigning challenging tasks.
Question 37
A student refuses to consider new evidence because it contradicts what they have already learned. What kind of cognitive bias is demonstrated here?
a) Confirmation bias
b) Selection bias
c) Anchoring bias
d) Availability bias
Correct Answer: a) Confirmation bias
Explanation: Confirmation bias occurs when someone dismisses evidence that challenges their current beliefs.
Question 38
A company decides to improve product quality and customer service. Which change management model would be most appropriate?
a) Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model
b) Lewin’s Change Management Model
c) ADKAR Model
d) McKinsey 7-S Model
Correct Answer: a) Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model
Explanation: Kotter’s model is effective for guiding comprehensive organizational changes, including improvements in product quality and customer service.
Question 39
An individual believes that because they received a good grade on one exam, they will always get good grades. What type of reasoning error is this?
a) Hasty generalization
b) Slippery slope
c) False dilemma
d) Post hoc fallacy
Correct Answer: a) Hasty generalization
Explanation: The student is making a broad assumption about their future performance based on a single instance.
Question 40
A person argues that because a politician lied once, all politicians must be liars. What fallacy is demonstrated here?
a) Hasty generalization
b) Ad hominem
c) Appeal to authority
d) Slippery slope
Correct Answer: a) Hasty generalization
Explanation: This is a classic example of hasty generalization, where one instance is used to make a broad assumption about an entire group.
