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web.groovymark@gmail.com
- December 12, 2024
Question 21
What do infants show attraction to?
a) Loud noises
b) Unpleasant situations
c) Pleasant situations and withdrawal from unpleasant stimulation
d) Bright lights and colors
Correct Answer: c) Pleasant situations and withdrawal from unpleasant stimulation
Explanation: Infants typically show attraction to pleasant situations and withdraw from unpleasant or uncomfortable stimuli.
Question 22
When do infants begin to recognize themselves?
a) Between 6 and 8 months
b) Between 15 and 24 months
c) After 3 years
d) As soon as they start walking
Correct Answer: b) Between 15 and 24 months
Explanation: Infants typically begin to recognize themselves in mirrors or photos between the ages of 15 and 24 months.
Question 23
What is attachment?
a) The ability to learn new skills
b) Close bond between caregiver and infant, foundation for future relationships
c) A type of cognitive development phase
d) A temporary phase of motor development
Correct Answer: b) Close bond between caregiver and infant, foundation for future relationships
Explanation: Attachment refers to the emotional bond that develops between an infant and their primary caregiver, forming the basis for future social and emotional development.
Question 24
According to Freud, why do infants become attached to their mother?
a) She provides a safe environment
b) She satisfies their oral needs and provides pleasure
c) She helps them develop motor skills
d) She encourages early social interactions
Correct Answer: b) She satisfies their oral needs and provides pleasure
Explanation: Freud theorized that infants become attached to their mother because she satisfies their oral needs, providing both nourishment and comfort.
Question 25
What is Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
a) Importance of an infant developing motor skills
b) Importance of an infant developing a basic sense of trust in caregivers
c) A theory based solely on genetic factors
d) The theory that social environments have no influence on development
Correct Answer: b) Importance of an infant developing a basic sense of trust in caregivers
Explanation: Erikson’s theory emphasizes the significance of developing trust in caregivers during infancy, which forms the foundation for later social and emotional development.
Question 26
How many hours of sleep do two-year-olds need per day?
a) 5-6 hours
b) 15 to 16 hours
c) 10-12 hours
d) 7-8 hours
Correct Answer: b) After the birth of another sibling
Explanation: Kwashiorkor typically occurs after the birth of another sibling, as the older child is weaned off breast milk, leading to protein deficiency.
Question 27
How many hours of sleep do six-year-olds need per day?
a) 7 to 8 hours
b) 9 to 10 hours
c) 11 to 12 hours
d) 13 to 14 hours
Correct Answer: a) 7 to 8 hours
Explanation: Six-year-olds usually need around 7 to 8 hours of sleep to maintain good physical and cognitive functioning.
Question 28
How much does a child’s vocabulary expand between ages two and six?
a) It doubles
b) It triples
c) It expands considerably, learning 10 to 20 new words per week
d) It remains stable
Correct Answer: c) It expands considerably, learning 10 to 20 new words per week
Explanation: Between the ages of two and six, children experience a significant vocabulary expansion, often learning 10 to 20 new words each week.
Question 29
What do collectivistic cultures emphasize?
a) Individuality
b) Conformity to family and cultural values
c) Emotional independence
d) Competitive spirit
Correct Answer: b) Conformity to family and cultural values
Explanation: Collectivistic cultures prioritize conformity, emphasizing the importance of family, community, and cultural values over individual goals.
Question 30
What do individualistic cultures encourage children to do?
a) Conform to family values
b) Think for themselves
c) Depend on others
d) Follow traditional customs
Correct Answer: b) Think for themselves
Explanation: Individualistic cultures encourage children to be independent, develop their own opinions, and think for themselves.
Question 31
What is autism spectrum disorder?
a) A motor development disorder
b) A misunderstood and puzzling neurodevelopmental disorder
c) A cognitive delay
d) A speech disorder
Correct Answer: b) A misunderstood and puzzling neurodevelopmental disorder
Explanation: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.
Question 32
What is Erikson’s third stage?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Initiative vs. guilt
c) Autonomy vs. shame
d) Identity vs. role confusion
Correct Answer: b) Initiative vs. guilt
Explanation: Erikson's third stage of psychosocial development, initiative vs. guilt, occurs in early childhood, where children begin asserting control and taking initiative in their activities.
Question 33
What are cognitive skills?
a) Skills that result in changes in self-concept and self-esteem
b) Physical abilities
c) Reflexes that develop during infancy
d) Language development milestones
Correct Answer: a) Skills that result in changes in self-concept and self-esteem
Explanation: Cognitive skills include mental abilities that lead to changes in self-concept, self-esteem, and overall understanding of the world.
Question 34
What is gender identity?
a) The roles assigned by society based on physical appearance
b) The sense of self as male or female
c) A cognitive skill developed in adolescence
d) An inherited trait
Correct Answer: b) The sense of self as male or female
Explanation: Gender identity is a person’s internal sense of being male, female, or sometimes outside these binary categories.
Question 35
What is social learning theory?
a) Behavior is learned only through direct experience
b) Behavior is learned through observation, modeling, reinforcement, and punishment
c) Behavior is determined solely by genetics
d) Social behavior is unrelated to learning
Correct Answer: b) Behavior is learned through observation, modeling, reinforcement, and punishment
Explanation: Social learning theory posits that behavior is acquired by observing others, imitating their actions, and experiencing the consequences of those behaviors.
Question 36
What is cognitive social learning theory?
a) A theory focused solely on genetics
b) A theory that emphasizes reinforcement, punishment, and imitation, while adding cognitive processes
c) A theory that focuses only on emotional development
d) A theory that excludes cognitive factors
Correct Answer: b) A theory that emphasizes reinforcement, punishment, and imitation, while adding cognitive processes
Explanation: Cognitive social learning theory includes not only behavioral components like reinforcement and imitation but also cognitive processes that influence how behaviors are learned and executed.
Question 37
What is gender schema theory?
a) The belief that gender is irrelevant in early development
b) A theory that children develop their own conceptions of attributes associated with maleness or femaleness
c) A theory that focuses on biological development only
d) A theory that excludes cultural influence on gender
Correct Answer: b) A theory that children develop their own conceptions of attributes associated with maleness or femaleness
Explanation: Gender schema theory suggests that children actively construct their own understanding of gender roles by organizing information and experiences related to gender.
Question 38
What is developmental intergroup theory?
a) A theory about sibling relationships
b) A theory that gender stereotypes are strong due to cultural emphasis on gender
c) A theory about peer group behavior
d) A theory on parental attachment
Correct Answer: b) A theory that gender stereotypes are strong due to cultural emphasis on gender
Explanation: Developmental intergroup theory suggests that cultural emphasis on gender reinforces strong stereotypes, influencing children's beliefs about gender roles and behaviors.
Question 39
What is transgender?
a) A person who does not identify with any gender
b) Gender identification that differs from the sex assigned at birth
c) A person who adheres to traditional gender roles
d) A person who has no gender identity
Correct Answer: b) Gender identification that differs from the sex assigned at birth
Explanation: A transgender individual has a gender identity or expression that differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.
Question 40
What is gender dysphoria?
a) The discomfort felt due to hormonal changes
b) Anxiety caused by a mismatch between biological sex and gender identity
c) A cognitive disorder
d) A delay in motor skill development
Correct Answer: b) Anxiety caused by a mismatch between biological sex and gender identity
Explanation: Gender dysphoria refers to the distress experienced when a person’s gender identity does not align with their biological sex.
