OA Exams

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Question 01

What is the palmer grasp?

a) Grasping objects using the fingers and palm, without the thumb
b) Grasping objects using the thumb and forefinger
c) The ability to hold an object with both hands
d) A reflex that disappears after infancy

Correct Answer: a) Grasping objects using the fingers and palm, without the thumb

Explanation: The palmer grasp is the early grasping behavior seen in infants where they use the fingers and palm to hold objects, without using the thumb.

Question 02

What are schemata or schemas?

a) Cognitive processes used to process sensory information
b) Mental frameworks or concepts developed through assimilation and accommodation
c) Reflexes that help with motor development
d) Emotions used to regulate behavior

Correct Answer: b) Mental frameworks or concepts developed through assimilation and accommodation

Explanation: Schemata or schemas are cognitive structures that help individuals organize and interpret information, often developed through processes like assimilation and accommodation.

Question 03

What is infantile amnesia?

a) The ability to remember events from infancy
b) The inability to recall memories from the first few years of life
c) A disorder where infants forget their caregivers
d) A rare condition affecting memory in young children

Correct Answer: b) The inability to recall memories from the first few years of life

Explanation: Infantile amnesia refers to the phenomenon where most people cannot recall memories from the first few years of their life.

Question 04

What is a phoneme?

a) The smallest unit of sound that makes a meaningful difference in language
b) A word formed by combining different sounds
c) A cognitive ability related to memory
d) The development of motor skills

Correct Answer: a) The smallest unit of sound that makes a meaningful difference in language

Explanation: A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language that can change the meaning of a word, such as the difference between "bat" and "pat."

Question 05

What are phonemes?

a) Sounds made by infants
b) Distinct sounds used in language
c) Words used to express emotions
d) Reflexes involved in language development

Correct Answer: b) Distinct sounds used in language

Explanation: Phonemes are the individual sounds that distinguish one word from another in a given language.

Question 06

What is cooing?

a) A form of infant speech involving one-syllable combinations of consonants and vowels
b) Babbling sounds that indicate frustration
c) The ability to form complete sentences
d) A reflex associated with early speech development

Correct Answer: a) A form of infant speech involving one-syllable combinations of consonants and vowels

Explanation: Cooing is an early form of communication where infants make one-syllable sounds, combining consonants and vowels like "goo" or "coo."

Question 07

How do deaf babies communicate?

a) Through written language
b) Through gestures
c) Through cooing and babbling
d) Through facial expressions only

Correct Answer: b) Through gestures

Explanation: Deaf babies, like hearing babies, use gestures such as pointing or sign language to communicate.

Question 08

When do children start using their first words?

a) At birth
b) Around 6 months of age
c) Around 12 or 13 months of age
d) Around 2 years old

Correct Answer: c) Around 12 or 13 months of age

Explanation: Most children begin using their first recognizable words around the age of 12 to 13 months.

Question 09

What is divided attention?

a) Focusing on multiple tasks or stimuli at once
b) The ability to remember things from early childhood
c) The capacity to focus on one task at a time
d) Focusing attention on sensory input

Correct Answer: a) Focusing on multiple tasks or stimuli at once

Explanation: Divided attention refers to the ability to split focus between different tasks or stimuli simultaneously, a skill that develops with age.

Question 10

Do younger children have more difficulty maintaining attention?

a) Yes
b) No
c) It depends on the child
d) Only in stressful situations

Correct Answer: a) Yes

Explanation: Younger children typically have shorter attention spans and struggle more with maintaining focus on a single task compared to older children.

Question 11

What is sensory memory?

a) The ability to recall past experiences
b) First stage of the memory system, processing sensory input
c) The ability to remember only physical sensations
d) Long-term memory for sensory experiences

Correct Answer: b) First stage of the memory system, processing sensory input

Explanation: Sensory memory is the initial stage of the memory system where information from the environment is processed through the senses for a brief period.

Question 12

What is short-term or working memory?

a) The ability to store memories for long periods
b) Second stage of the memory system, processing and temporarily storing information
c) The memory system for sensory input
d) The inability to recall recent events

Correct Answer: b) Second stage of the memory system, processing and temporarily storing information

Explanation: Short-term or working memory is where information is temporarily stored and manipulated for current use before being transferred to long-term memory.

Question 13

What is long-term memory?

a) Memory for sensory input only
b) Memory that lasts only for a few seconds
c) Third stage of the memory system, storing information for extended periods
d) The memory system for trivial information

Correct Answer: c) Third stage of the memory system, storing information for extended periods

Explanation: Long-term memory is the final stage of the memory system, where information is stored for long periods, sometimes indefinitely.

Question 14

What are semantic memories?

a) Memories tied to specific events
b) Memories for facts and knowledge not tied to a timeline
c) Memories associated with emotions
d) Memories from infancy

Correct Answer: b) Memories for facts and knowledge not tied to a timeline

Explanation: Semantic memories are memories related to general knowledge and facts, such as knowing the capital of a country or the meaning of a word.

Question 15

What are episodic memories?

a) Memories tied to specific events in time
b) Memories for general knowledge and facts
c) Memories from infancy
d) Memories related to motor development

Correct Answer: a) Memories tied to specific events in time

Explanation: Episodic memories are memories of specific events or experiences, often linked to particular times and places.

Question 16

What is epigenetics?

a) Study of how the environment affects genetics
b) Study of how modifications in DNA affect gene expression
c) A disorder that affects brain development
d) A process of natural selection

Correct Answer: b) Study of how modifications in DNA affect gene expression

Explanation: Epigenetics studies how external factors, such as environment or lifestyle, can modify DNA and influence how genes are expressed without changing the genetic code.

Question 17

What are genotype-environment correlations?

a) Processes by which genetic factors contribute to variations in the environment
b) A type of genetic mutation
c) An environmental factor that influences genetic mutations
d) The study of how genes are passed on

Correct Answer: a) Processes by which genetic factors contribute to variations in the environment

Explanation: Genotype-environment correlations refer to how genetic factors can influence the environments individuals experience, and how environments can affect gene expression.

Question 18

What is bi-directional influence?

a) Parents influence children, but children do not influence parents
b) Parents and children mutually influence each other
c) A one-way influence from society on behavior
d) A genetic trait passed from one generation to another

Correct Answer: b) Parents and children mutually influence each other

Explanation: Bi-directional influence refers to the idea that parents and children both affect each other's behaviors, creating a dynamic relationship.

Question 19

What is temperament?

a) A learned behavior based on environmental factors
b) Child characteristics that affect parenting behaviors and roles
c) A type of cognitive skill
d) A temporary phase in a child’s development

Correct Answer: b) Child characteristics that affect parenting behaviors and roles

Explanation: Temperament refers to the individual differences in emotional reactivity and behavior that are evident from early childhood and influence parenting and development.

Question 20

What is goodness of fit?

a) The correlation between genetic and environmental factors
b) Rapport between individual temperament and the surrounding environment
c) A child’s ability to adapt to changing environments
d) The fit between motor and sensory development

Correct Answer: b) Rapport between individual temperament and the surrounding environment

Explanation: Goodness of fit describes how well a child’s temperament matches the demands of their environment, which can influence their development.

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