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- December 12, 2024
Question 01
What is the palmer grasp?
a) Grasping objects using the fingers and palm, without the thumb
b) Grasping objects using the thumb and forefinger
c) The ability to hold an object with both hands
d) A reflex that disappears after infancy
Correct Answer: a) Grasping objects using the fingers and palm, without the thumb
Explanation: The palmer grasp is the early grasping behavior seen in infants where they use the fingers and palm to hold objects, without using the thumb.
Question 02
What are schemata or schemas?
a) Cognitive processes used to process sensory information
b) Mental frameworks or concepts developed through assimilation and accommodation
c) Reflexes that help with motor development
d) Emotions used to regulate behavior
Correct Answer: b) Mental frameworks or concepts developed through assimilation and accommodation
Explanation: Schemata or schemas are cognitive structures that help individuals organize and interpret information, often developed through processes like assimilation and accommodation.
Question 03
What is infantile amnesia?
a) The ability to remember events from infancy
b) The inability to recall memories from the first few years of life
c) A disorder where infants forget their caregivers
d) A rare condition affecting memory in young children
Correct Answer: b) The inability to recall memories from the first few years of life
Explanation: Infantile amnesia refers to the phenomenon where most people cannot recall memories from the first few years of their life.
Question 04
What is a phoneme?
a) The smallest unit of sound that makes a meaningful difference in language
b) A word formed by combining different sounds
c) A cognitive ability related to memory
d) The development of motor skills
Correct Answer: a) The smallest unit of sound that makes a meaningful difference in language
Explanation: A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language that can change the meaning of a word, such as the difference between "bat" and "pat."
Question 05
What are phonemes?
a) Sounds made by infants
b) Distinct sounds used in language
c) Words used to express emotions
d) Reflexes involved in language development
Correct Answer: b) Distinct sounds used in language
Explanation: Phonemes are the individual sounds that distinguish one word from another in a given language.
Question 06
What is cooing?
a) A form of infant speech involving one-syllable combinations of consonants and vowels
b) Babbling sounds that indicate frustration
c) The ability to form complete sentences
d) A reflex associated with early speech development
Correct Answer: a) A form of infant speech involving one-syllable combinations of consonants and vowels
Explanation: Cooing is an early form of communication where infants make one-syllable sounds, combining consonants and vowels like "goo" or "coo."
Question 07
How do deaf babies communicate?
a) Through written language
b) Through gestures
c) Through cooing and babbling
d) Through facial expressions only
Correct Answer: b) Through gestures
Explanation: Deaf babies, like hearing babies, use gestures such as pointing or sign language to communicate.
Question 08
When do children start using their first words?
a) At birth
b) Around 6 months of age
c) Around 12 or 13 months of age
d) Around 2 years old
Correct Answer: c) Around 12 or 13 months of age
Explanation: Most children begin using their first recognizable words around the age of 12 to 13 months.
Question 09
What is divided attention?
a) Focusing on multiple tasks or stimuli at once
b) The ability to remember things from early childhood
c) The capacity to focus on one task at a time
d) Focusing attention on sensory input
Correct Answer: a) Focusing on multiple tasks or stimuli at once
Explanation: Divided attention refers to the ability to split focus between different tasks or stimuli simultaneously, a skill that develops with age.
Question 10
Do younger children have more difficulty maintaining attention?
a) Yes
b) No
c) It depends on the child
d) Only in stressful situations
Correct Answer: a) Yes
Explanation: Younger children typically have shorter attention spans and struggle more with maintaining focus on a single task compared to older children.
Question 11
What is sensory memory?
a) The ability to recall past experiences
b) First stage of the memory system, processing sensory input
c) The ability to remember only physical sensations
d) Long-term memory for sensory experiences
Correct Answer: b) First stage of the memory system, processing sensory input
Explanation: Sensory memory is the initial stage of the memory system where information from the environment is processed through the senses for a brief period.
Question 12
What is short-term or working memory?
a) The ability to store memories for long periods
b) Second stage of the memory system, processing and temporarily storing information
c) The memory system for sensory input
d) The inability to recall recent events
Correct Answer: b) Second stage of the memory system, processing and temporarily storing information
Explanation: Short-term or working memory is where information is temporarily stored and manipulated for current use before being transferred to long-term memory.
Question 13
What is long-term memory?
a) Memory for sensory input only
b) Memory that lasts only for a few seconds
c) Third stage of the memory system, storing information for extended periods
d) The memory system for trivial information
Correct Answer: c) Third stage of the memory system, storing information for extended periods
Explanation: Long-term memory is the final stage of the memory system, where information is stored for long periods, sometimes indefinitely.
Question 14
What are semantic memories?
a) Memories tied to specific events
b) Memories for facts and knowledge not tied to a timeline
c) Memories associated with emotions
d) Memories from infancy
Correct Answer: b) Memories for facts and knowledge not tied to a timeline
Explanation: Semantic memories are memories related to general knowledge and facts, such as knowing the capital of a country or the meaning of a word.
Question 15
What are episodic memories?
a) Memories tied to specific events in time
b) Memories for general knowledge and facts
c) Memories from infancy
d) Memories related to motor development
Correct Answer: a) Memories tied to specific events in time
Explanation: Episodic memories are memories of specific events or experiences, often linked to particular times and places.
Question 16
What is epigenetics?
a) Study of how the environment affects genetics
b) Study of how modifications in DNA affect gene expression
c) A disorder that affects brain development
d) A process of natural selection
Correct Answer: b) Study of how modifications in DNA affect gene expression
Explanation: Epigenetics studies how external factors, such as environment or lifestyle, can modify DNA and influence how genes are expressed without changing the genetic code.
Question 17
What are genotype-environment correlations?
a) Processes by which genetic factors contribute to variations in the environment
b) A type of genetic mutation
c) An environmental factor that influences genetic mutations
d) The study of how genes are passed on
Correct Answer: a) Processes by which genetic factors contribute to variations in the environment
Explanation: Genotype-environment correlations refer to how genetic factors can influence the environments individuals experience, and how environments can affect gene expression.
Question 18
What is bi-directional influence?
a) Parents influence children, but children do not influence parents
b) Parents and children mutually influence each other
c) A one-way influence from society on behavior
d) A genetic trait passed from one generation to another
Correct Answer: b) Parents and children mutually influence each other
Explanation: Bi-directional influence refers to the idea that parents and children both affect each other's behaviors, creating a dynamic relationship.
Question 19
What is temperament?
a) A learned behavior based on environmental factors
b) Child characteristics that affect parenting behaviors and roles
c) A type of cognitive skill
d) A temporary phase in a child’s development
Correct Answer: b) Child characteristics that affect parenting behaviors and roles
Explanation: Temperament refers to the individual differences in emotional reactivity and behavior that are evident from early childhood and influence parenting and development.
Question 20
What is goodness of fit?
a) The correlation between genetic and environmental factors
b) Rapport between individual temperament and the surrounding environment
c) A child’s ability to adapt to changing environments
d) The fit between motor and sensory development
Correct Answer: b) Rapport between individual temperament and the surrounding environment
Explanation: Goodness of fit describes how well a child’s temperament matches the demands of their environment, which can influence their development.