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web.groovymark@gmail.com
- December 12, 2024
Question 21
What is the proximodistal path of development?
a) Development that proceeds from the feet to the head
b) Development that proceeds from the head to the arms
c) Development that proceeds from the midline outward
d) Development that moves randomly
Correct Answer: c) Development that proceeds from the midline outward
Explanation: Proximodistal development refers to the pattern where growth and development start from the central parts of the body and move outward toward the limbs.
Question 22
What is sensory development?
a) Emotional growth
b) Cognitive skills enhancement
c) Processes used to take in information from the environment
d) Ability to learn languages
Correct Answer: c) Processes used to take in information from the environment
Explanation: Sensory development refers to the way infants and children process sensory information such as sight, sound, touch, and taste from their surroundings.
Question 23
How can sensory processes be affected?
a) By the infant’s developing motor abilities
b) By the parent’s mood
c) By the level of noise in the environment
d) By the child’s sleep patterns
Correct Answer: a) By the infant’s developing motor abilities
Explanation: Sensory processes can be impacted by the development of motor skills, as these abilities enable children to explore and interact with their environment.
Question 24
Why is nutrition important for health and development?
a) It helps children sleep better
b) It enhances physical appearance
c) It is related to improved infant, child, and maternal health and stronger immune systems
d) It improves cognitive development only
Correct Answer: c) It is related to improved infant, child, and maternal health and stronger immune systems
Explanation: Proper nutrition supports overall health and development, including stronger immune systems, which are vital for infants, children, and mothers.
Question 25
What is kwashiorkor?
a) A genetic condition
b) A disease caused by protein deficiency
c) A type of growth disorder
d) A condition related to excess weight gain
Correct Answer: b) A disease caused by protein deficiency
Explanation: Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition caused by a severe deficiency in dietary protein, commonly affecting children after the birth of a sibling when breastfeeding stops.
Question 26
When does kwashiorkor often occur?
a) Before birth
b) After the birth of another sibling
c) During adolescence
d) In early adulthood
Correct Answer: b) After the birth of another sibling
Explanation: Kwashiorkor typically occurs after the birth of another sibling, as the older child is weaned off breast milk, leading to protein deficiency.
Question 27
What are genes?
a) Environmental influences on behavior
b) Inherited building blocks that determine development
c) Proteins that regulate immune responses
d) External factors affecting child growth
Correct Answer: b) Inherited building blocks that determine development
Explanation: Genes are inherited units of DNA that serve as the building blocks that determine physical and behavioral traits during development.
Question 28
What is mitosis?
a) The process of cell division that produces four cells
b) Nucleus makes a copy of chromosomes and splits into two cells
c) The process by which genes are inherited
d) The formation of new genetic combinations
Correct Answer: b) Nucleus makes a copy of chromosomes and splits into two cells
Explanation: Mitosis is the process where a single cell divides into two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes.
Question 29
What happens in meiosis?
a) Chromosomes divide once to produce two cells
b) Chromosomes duplicate and divide twice, resulting in four cells
c) Genetic material is transferred from one parent only
d) Chromosomes remain constant
Correct Answer: b) Chromosomes duplicate and divide twice, resulting in four cells
Explanation: Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, essential for sexual reproduction.
Question 30
What is genotype?
a) The sum total of inherited genes
b) Physical traits that are expressed
c) Environmental factors influencing genetics
d) A mutation in the DNA
Correct Answer: a) The sum total of inherited genes
Explanation: Genotype refers to the complete set of genetic information inherited from an individual’s parents.
Question 31
What is phenotype?
a) Sum of all genes inherited
b) Features that are expressed
c) The effect of environmental factors on genetics
d) A genetic mutation
Correct Answer: b) Features that are expressed
Explanation: Phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits that result from the interaction of an individual’s genotype with the environment.
Question 32
What are dominant genes?
a) Genes that express themselves only when paired with a similar gene
b) Genes that are inherited from both parents
c) Genes that express themselves in the phenotype
d) Genes that do not affect development
Correct Answer: c) Genes that express themselves in the phenotype
Explanation: Dominant genes are those that express their traits in the phenotype, even when only one copy is inherited from one parent.
Question 33
What are recessive genes?
a) Genes that express themselves in the phenotype
b) Genes that express themselves only when paired with a similar gene
c) Genes that are always active
d) Genes that can never be expressed
Correct Answer: b) Genes that express themselves only when paired with a similar gene
Explanation: Recessive genes require two copies (one from each parent) to express their traits in the phenotype.
Question 34
What disorders are linked to genetics?
a) Malaria and tuberculosis
b) Sickle cell disease, Tay-Sachs disease, Tourette’s syndrome, fragile X syndrome, hemophilia
c) Influenza and bronchitis
d) Diabetes and hypertension
Correct Answer: b) Sickle cell disease, Tay-Sachs disease, Tourette's syndrome, fragile X syndrome, hemophilia
Explanation: These disorders are linked to specific genetic mutations and are inherited from one or both parents.
Question 35
What is a chromosomal abnormality?
a) An error in the number of chromosomes inherited
b) A minor change in the DNA sequence
c) An infection that affects the chromosomes
d) A mutation in the cells that affects the immune system
Correct Answer: a) An error in the number of chromosomes inherited
Explanation: Chromosomal abnormalities occur when an individual inherits too many or too few chromosomes, leading to various developmental and health issues.
Question 36
What are teratogens?
a) Genetic disorders passed from parents to offspring
b) Environmental factors that can cause disorders in infants
c) Beneficial substances that support fetal growth
d) Chromosomal abnormalities
Correct Answer: b) Environmental factors that can cause disorders in infants
Explanation: Teratogens are substances or environmental factors that can cause birth defects or developmental problems during pregnancy.
Question 37
What are examples of teratogens?
a) Vaccinations and vitamins
b) Smoking, binge drinking, mercury exposure, rubella
c) Fruits and vegetables
d) Exercise and healthy diets
Correct Answer: b) Smoking, binge drinking, mercury exposure, rubella
Explanation: Teratogens like smoking, alcohol consumption, exposure to mercury, and certain diseases such as rubella can lead to serious developmental issues in a fetus.
Question 38
What is synaptogenesis?
a) The process of eliminating unnecessary synapses
b) Rapid growth of synapses in the brain
c) The decline of brain function over time
d) Formation of muscle tissues
Correct Answer: b) Rapid growth of synapses in the brain
Explanation: Synaptogenesis refers to the rapid creation of connections between neurons, which is particularly active during early brain development.
Question 39
What is synaptic pruning?
a) The strengthening of neuron connections
b) The growth of new synapses
c) The elimination of unnecessary synapses
d) The loss of brain function
Correct Answer: c) The elimination of unnecessary synapses
Explanation: Synaptic pruning is the process by which the brain eliminates excess or unused synaptic connections, allowing for more efficient neural functioning.
Question 40
What is neuroplasticity?
a) Brain’s ability to change and adapt
b) Decline in brain function
c) Synaptic pruning in older adults
d) A condition that affects brain development
Correct Answer: a) Brain's ability to change and adapt
Explanation: Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s capacity to change and adapt in response to experience, learning, or injury.
