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web.groovymark@gmail.com
- December 5, 2024
Question 21
What does a “scatterplot” illustrate?
a) Changes in population over time
b) The relationship between two variables
c) The frequency of different data categories
d) The distribution of a single variable across regions
Correct Answer: b) The relationship between two variables
Explanation: A scatterplot is a type of graph used to display the relationship between two quantitative variables, often to identify trends or correlations.
Question 22
What is “positive linear association”?
a) A relationship where one variable decreases as the other increases
b) A relationship where both variables increase together
c) A relationship that shows no pattern
d) A relationship that involves categories rather than numbers
Correct Answer: b) A relationship where both variables increase together
Explanation: A positive linear association occurs when an increase in one variable corresponds with an increase in the other, producing an upward-sloping line on a scatterplot.
Question 23
What is the “center” in a frequency polygon or distribution curve?
a) The highest point of the curve
b) The lowest point of the curve
c) The midpoint of the data, around which the data is concentrated
d) The point where all data values intersect
Correct Answer: c) The midpoint of the data, around which the data is concentrated
Explanation: The center represents the point of greatest data concentration in a distribution, often close to the mean or median.
Question 24
What is a “density curve”?
a) A histogram showing raw data
b) A smoothed-out version of a frequency polygon
c) A map showing population density
d) A graph used for categorical data only
Correct Answer: b) A smoothed-out version of a frequency polygon
Explanation: A density curve is a smooth approximation of a histogram or frequency polygon, used to show the overall shape of data distribution.
Question 25
What type of variable is represented by “dog breeds”?
a) Quantitative
b) Ordinal
c) Categorical
d) Continuous
Correct Answer: c) Categorical
Explanation: Dog breeds are an example of a categorical variable, as they represent distinct, qualitative categories without numerical values.
Question 26
What is an “ecological fallacy”?
a) Assuming characteristics of individuals based on the characteristics of the group
b) Assuming that ecosystems are static and unchanging
c) Assuming that all ecological zones have the same climate
d) Assuming that population growth follows a predictable pattern
Correct Answer: a) Assuming characteristics of individuals based on the characteristics of the group
Explanation: An ecological fallacy occurs when one incorrectly infers individual characteristics from aggregated group data.
Question 27
What is “sovereignty”?
a) The ability of a state to govern its own affairs independently
b) The control of one nation over another
c) A treaty that divides territories
d) A type of border agreement between countries
Correct Answer: a) The ability of a state to govern its own affairs independently
Explanation: Sovereignty refers to the independent authority of a state to govern itself without external interference.
Question 28
What is the “lithosphere”?
a) The atmospheric layer closest to Earth
b) The Earth’s water-climate system
c) The outer layer of Earth, including the crust and upper mantle
d) A system of interconnected waterways
Correct Answer: c) The outer layer of Earth, including the crust and upper mantle
Explanation: The lithosphere is the rigid outer layer of Earth, comprising the crust and the upper mantle, where tectonic activity occurs.
Question 29
What is a “formal region”?
a) A region defined by shared cultural traits
b) A region characterized by measurable boundaries and uniform features
c) A region created by natural disasters
d) A region that changes based on population growth
Correct Answer: b) A region characterized by measurable boundaries and uniform features
Explanation: Formal regions have well-defined boundaries and consistent features, such as states or countries.
Question 30
What is the role of “producers” in a food chain?
a) To consume primary consumers for energy
b) To produce energy through photosynthesis
c) To decompose organic material
d) To regulate the energy flow in ecosystems
Correct Answer: b) To produce energy through photosynthesis
Explanation: Producers, primarily plants, convert solar energy into food through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain.
Question 31
What is “industrialization”?
a) The process of changing from an economy based on agriculture to one based on manufacturing
b) The process of developing new agricultural methods
c) The expansion of urban areas due to population growth
d) The conservation of natural resources in a region
Correct Answer: a) The process of changing from an economy based on agriculture to one based on manufacturing
Explanation: Industrialization involves a shift in economic focus from agricultural production to large-scale manufacturing and industrial output.
Question 32
What is a “weight-losing industry”?
a) An industry where the final product weighs more than the raw materials
b) An industry where the final product weighs less than the raw materials
c) An industry that focuses on processing heavy metals
d) An industry that reduces the weight of materials through processing
Correct Answer: b) An industry where the final product weighs less than the raw materials
Explanation: Weight-losing industries involve products that weigh less after processing than the raw materials, such as mining or lumber.
Question 33
What is a “federal state”?
a) A state governed by a central authority without regional governments
b) A state with smaller units of government that share power with a central government
c) A state that has a monarchy
d) A state divided into regions based on religious practices
Correct Answer: b) A state with smaller units of government that share power with a central government
Explanation: In a federal state, governing power is shared between a central authority and smaller regional governments.
Question 34
What is “urbanization”?
a) The movement of people from rural areas to cities
b) The increase of agricultural activity in a region
c) The process of building dams to control water flow
d) The creation of protected forests and national parks
Correct Answer: a) The movement of people from rural areas to cities
Explanation: Urbanization refers to the migration of people from rural areas to urban centers, often resulting in the expansion of cities.
Question 35
What is “gross national income” (GNI)?
a) The total value of goods and services produced within a country’s borders
b) The value of goods and services produced by a country and income earned abroad
c) The total revenue collected from taxes in a given year
d) The economic value of natural resources in a country
Correct Answer: b) The value of goods and services produced by a country and income earned abroad
Explanation: GNI includes both the domestic production of goods and services and the income earned from international investments and companies.
Question 36
What is a “remittance”?
a) A payment made to purchase international goods
b) A loan taken from a foreign bank
c) Money sent by a migrant to their home country
d) A tax on foreign income
Correct Answer: c) Money sent by a migrant to their home country
Explanation: Remittances are funds transferred by migrants back to their families or communities in their home countries.
Question 37
What is “brain drain”?
a) The loss of skilled professionals from one country due to emigration
b) The migration of workers from urban to rural areas
c) The movement of students between universities
d) The process of outsourcing manufacturing jobs to other countries
Correct Answer: a) The loss of skilled professionals from one country due to emigration
Explanation: Brain drain occurs when highly educated or skilled individuals emigrate from their home country, often seeking better job opportunities abroad.
Question 38
What is “colonialism”?
a) The development of trade routes between regions
b) The practice of one nation taking control of another territory and its resources
c) The creation of agricultural settlements in remote areas
d) The establishment of international peace treaties
Correct Answer: b) The practice of one nation taking control of another territory and its resources
Explanation: Colonialism involves the control and exploitation of a foreign territory by a more powerful nation, often through settlement or economic domination.
Question 39
What is the “Anthropocene Era”?
a) The current geological epoch marked by significant human impact on Earth’s systems
b) The time period immediately after the last Ice Age
c) The period of Earth’s history characterized by the development of the first civilizations
d) A phase in Earth’s history when human populations first began farming
Correct Answer: a) The current geological epoch marked by significant human impact on Earth's systems
Explanation: The Anthropocene Era refers to the period in which human activities, such as industrialization and deforestation, have profoundly affected Earth's geology and ecosystems.
Question 40
What is “triangulation” in the context of GPS technology?
a) The process of measuring the altitude of a location
b) The method used to find a location by calculating distances from known points
c) The technique of mapping three-dimensional terrain
d) The practice of drawing political boundaries using GPS coordinates
Correct Answer: b) The method used to find a location by calculating distances from known points
Explanation: Triangulation is the mathematical process used by GPS to determine the exact location of an object or person by measuring the distance from three or more known locations.
